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If we accept the very plausible idea that,
in the ideal case, every book is also (or can
also be) a work of art, then Tibor Somlai's
book, which in any case genuinely fills a
gap in our knowledge, can be regarded as
a similar profession of love. His affection
though is not so much directed towards
the creators of the interior-design and
architectural objects that feature in his
book as towards the objects themselves
and the types of rooms and interior spaces
as objectified mementoes of a vanished
and in a way yet quite present era. Last but
not least they are mementoes of the people
who commissioned and used them. The
atmosphere of a vanished age in book
form. First the Second World War, then
nationalisation, resulted in untold and
irreparable damage. The book, then, can
also be regarded as a sort of memorial,
with its focus not only on art historical and
interior design considerations but, of no
less significance, on wider historical,
sociological and anthropological contexts.
Whether focusing on astonishingly lavish
interiors and layouts of villas from that era,
or on economical, functional appointments
of the typical middle-class two- and
three-room home in Central Pest, the book
divulges whole worlds, which moreover
enact or stage, as it were, the bodies, the
ways of thinking and the lifestyles of those
who live in them. The book can thus be
read as a visual novel without having to
resort to a genuine novel like Nádas's.
Somlai's book starts off by listing
home interiors and their furniture by
designer, and the great advantage of this
chapter is that apart from including
already well-known designers (such as
Lajos Kozma, Farkas Molnár and Gyula
Kaesz), it familiarises us with a number of
other, relatively unfamiliar names. This
inevitably means, as András Körner says
in an introduction, with a markedly
personal tone, that those few well-known
designers were neither exceptional
geniuses nor isolated cases, but the
embodiments of a popular movement,
even an ideology, one that made a lasting
impression on interwar Hungary, and the
relics of which at least are still there for us
to enjoy today (as witnessed in the recent
revival of the Bauhaus and Art Deco).
The names of many furniture designers
are not honoured simply because they were
known first and foremost as architects, so
this part of their output was fairly obscured.
In fact, since mass production of highquality
furniture was in those days still
something of a rarity, quite a number of
architects undertook commissions for
individual items, indeed in some cases for
complete interior decors, as they were
often unable to make a living purely
from architecture. Black-and-white photographs,
whether by amateurs or professionals,
but especially some marvellous,
vividly coloured watercolour plans, provide
a useful supplement to the blueprints.
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The
evocation of colour is of uncommon
importance, because one of the trademarks
of the movement that was of revolutionary
significance, over and above clean form
and functionality, was precisely its daring
application of colour—which of course
does not show in the black-and-white
photographs of the time.
The next section is organised by type
of furniture or fitting, such as beds,
cocktail cabinets, dining rooms, cloakrooms,
writing desks, armchairs, lamps,
dressing tables, children's rooms, doctor's
consulting rooms and terraces. This is
where a motif that has already cropped up
occasionally in earlier sections comes to
the fore, terms which nowadays have a
distinctly odd ring to them: the "man's
room" and the "lady's room", meaning
their bedroom, with the possibility that
ingenious partitioning will also allow the
spaces to be joined together. In modern
homes a less obvious separation of, and
respect for, gender is implemented in the
form of "spaces" for women and men. It
would be wrong to think that this was
customary only in the case of multiroomed
suburban villas, because in tworoom
inner-city apartments it was also the
latest thing for the anima and animus of a
home to be asserted both in its spaces and
its furnishings. The same concept also
demonstrates rather eloquently the gender
relations and outlook on life of those days,
even in cases where both partners had
jobs. Then there is a regular cavalcade of
now-forgotten interior-design objects that
likewise testify to quite a different age and
way of life: the secretaire, dressing table,
dressing room, radiogramme, cocktail
cabinet—the kind of meaningful and
evocative personal belonging like the
"overnight case" of twenties' and thirties'
America, as featured in Hitchcock's Rear
Window, which in those days was an
indispensable appurtenance of the emancipated
new woman: a nécessaire or
dressing case, fitted with all the toilet
articles necessary, should one happen to
spend the night somewhere else. One also
encounters materials that by now have
largely disappeared, such as opalescent
milk glass, or frosted glass, or the linoleum
that is so frowned upon today, but was
then likewise a colourful complement to
interior spaces. All the same, what is most
striking is the individuality of the furniture
and interior spaces, which above all says a
lot about their users and their lifestyle. The
bulk of the pieces can be considered "sitespecific",
insofar as they were made to fit a
specific space, and indeed a specific,
predetermined place within that space—in
many cases they were built-in or fitted
items of furniture. Even if one occasionally
finds such an item that has survived the
ravages of time, these objects now exist
outside their original "context". Fine
pieces as they are, they have become
detached from their history.
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